Hematology Archives - Rimikri Med https://med.rimikri.com/category/hematology/ Online preparation for medical examinations Sat, 20 May 2017 15:17:03 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.8.3 https://i0.wp.com/med.rimikri.com/wcmdri/uploads/2017/05/cropped-logo-Circle-opt-1.png?fit=32%2C32&ssl=1 Hematology Archives - Rimikri Med https://med.rimikri.com/category/hematology/ 32 32 140363082 Others https://med.rimikri.com/hematology-other-questions/ Sat, 20 May 2017 15:17:03 +0000 http://med.rimikri.com/?p=446 The post Others appeared first on Rimikri Med.

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Hematology

Blood and blood products

  • What are the blood products used therapeutically? H142

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]]> 446 Multiple myeloma https://med.rimikri.com/multiple-myeloma-questions/ Sat, 20 May 2017 15:15:47 +0000 http://med.rimikri.com/?p=443 The post Multiple myeloma appeared first on Rimikri Med.

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Hematology

Definition and classification

  • Define multiple myeloma? Hl

Epidemiology

  • Q

Etiology and Pathophysiology

  • What are the causes of low back pain with increased ESR? H136
  • What are the cause of anemia in multiple myeloma? Hl
  • What are the cause of renal failure in multiple myeloma? hl

Clinical manifestations

  • What is the most common presentation of multiple myeloma? H138

Examinations

  • Q

Investigations

  • How can you investigate this patient? hl

Diagnosis

  • Why do you consider this diagnosis? Hl
  • Why are these not spinal metastases? hl
  • How to diagnose multiple myeloma? Hl
  • What is staging of multiple myeloma? hl

Treatment

  • How can you treat multiple myeloma? Hl
  • How can you treat a young patient with multiple myeloma? hl
  • What are poor prognostic factors? Hl
  • Tell the prognosis of multiple myeloma. hl

Complications

  • Q

 

 

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]]> 443 Lymphoma https://med.rimikri.com/lymphoma-questions/ Sat, 20 May 2017 15:12:54 +0000 http://med.rimikri.com/?p=440 The post Lymphoma appeared first on Rimikri Med.

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Hematology

Definition and classification

  • What is lymphoma? A
  • What are the types of lymphoma? Hl
  • What is Hodgkin’s disease? A
  • What is Reed–Sternberg cell? A
  • What are the types of Hodgkin’s disease? A
  • Please tell WHO classification of Hodgkin’ lymphoma (HL). Hl
  • What is Pel–Ebstein fever? A, hl
  • What are the stages of HD? A
  • What is disease free or cure in HD? A
  • What is non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL)? What are the types (grading)? A
  • Classify non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Hl
  • What are the lymphatic structures? hl
  • What is Waldeyer’s ring? A, hl
  • What is generalized lymphadenopathy? Hl

Epidemiology

  • Q

Etiology and Pathophysiology

  • What are the causes of generalized lymphadenopathy? A, h127
  • What are the causes of Pel–Ebstein fever? Hl
  • What are the causes of anemia in lymphoma? hl
  • What are the causes of jaundice in lymphoma? Hl
  • How paraplegia is produced in lymphoma? hl
  • What are the causes of NHL? A

Clinical manifestations

  • How does the patient present in Hodgkin’s disease? A
  • What are B symptoms? Hl
  • What is the significance of B symptoms? Hl
    • What is the stage of this patient clinically? Hl
  • What are the patterns of fever in lymphoma?
  • What are the clinical features of NHL? a

Examinations

  • How is staging done and why? A, hl
  • What is the clinical staging of lymphoma? H133

Investigations

  • What investigations do you suggest for this patient? A, hl
  • What investigations are done in HD? A
  • What are the expected findings in FBC? Hl
  • What is the importance of ESR in lymphoma? hl
  • What is the hallmark of Hodgkin’s lymphoma? Hl
  • What is the characteristics of Reed–Sternberg cell? Hl
    • In what conditions Reed–Sternberg cells are found? hl
  • What investigations are done in NHL? a

Diagnosis

  • Why do you consider this diagnosis? Hl
  • Why do you not consider tubercular lymphadenitis? Hl
  • Why do youn think as HL? hl
  • Could it be kala-azar? A
  • What are the differences between HL and NHL? A, hl
  • A 35-year-male presented to you with generalized lymphadenopathy for 6 months. You found hepatosplenomegaly on examination. What are your differential diagnoses? H126

Treatment

  • What are the modalities of treatment of Hodgkin’s lymphoma? Hl
  • How to treat HD? A, h135, hl
  • What are the indications of radiotherapy in Hodgkin’s lymphoma? hl
  • What are the indications of chemotherapy in Hodgkin’s lymphoma? Hl
  • How can you assess the response? hl
  • What is the prognosis of HD? A, hl
  • What are the treatment of NHL? A, hl
    • What is the prognosis? a

Complications

  • Q

 

 

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]]> 440 Hemophilia https://med.rimikri.com/hemophilia-questions/ Sat, 20 May 2017 15:11:26 +0000 http://med.rimikri.com/?p=437 The post Hemophilia appeared first on Rimikri Med.

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Hematology

Definition and classification

  • What is hemophilia? A
  • What are the types of hemophilia? A

Epidemiology

  • Q

Etiology and Pathophysiology

  • What is the cause of hemophilia? H100
  • What is the mode of inheritance? H101
  • What is the pedigree of hemophilia? a
  • Can a female be the sufferer in hemophilia? A
  • Which joints are commonly involved in hemophilic arthritis? A
  • What are the causes of hemarthrosis? a

Clinical manifestations

  • How the patient usually presents? A
  • What happens if the patient has bleeding into the psoas muscle?
  • What are the presentations of hemophilic arthritis? A

Examinations

  • Q

Investigations

  • What investigations are done in hemophilia? A, h103
  • What are the radiological signs in hemophilic arthritis? A
  • What are the causes of widening of intercondylar notch? A

Diagnosis

  • What are your differential diagnoses? A
  • Why not this is ITP? A
  • Which history would you take? H102
  • Is antenatal diagnosis possible? A
  • A 9-year-old boy presents with swelling of right knee joint after a minor trauma. On examination, fluctuation test is positive but no sign of inflammation. On query patient’s father admitted excessive bleeding during circumcision in past. What is your diagnosis? H99 (Diagnosis is hemophilia.)

Treatment

  • How will you manage hemophilia? A, h104
  • If factor VIII antibody develops, how can it be suspected and treated? A
  • How to treat hemophilic arthritis? a

Complications

  • What are the complications of hemophilia? a

 

 

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]]> 437 Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura https://med.rimikri.com/itp-questions/ Sat, 20 May 2017 15:10:18 +0000 http://med.rimikri.com/?p=434 The post Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura appeared first on Rimikri Med.

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Hematology

Definition and classification

  • What is idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura? A, hl
  • What are the types of ITP? Hl
  • What is purpura? A, hl
  • What are the types of purpura? a

Epidemiology

  • Is it common in male or female? Hl

Etiology and Pathophysiology

  • What is the mechanism of ITP? Hl
  • What are the causes of thrombocytopenia? A
  • What are the causes of purpura? A, h
  • What are the common causes of purpura according to the age? A
  • What are the causes of platelet functional abnormality? a

Clinical manifestations

  • What are the presentations of ITP? A, hl

Examinations

  • In a child, there is purpura in the leg. What else do you want to see? A
  • What should you examine in a patient with purpura? a

Investigations

  • If a patient presents with rash and your suspicion is ITP, which single investigation would you advice? H90
    • What is your expectation in ITP? H91 / What is your expectation in FBC? hl
  • What investigation will you do to confirm your diagnosis? H92
    • What is your expectation? Hl
    • If megakaryocytes are decreased, what will you think? Hl
  • What investigations do you suggest in ITP? A, hl
  • What investigations should be done in purpura? A
  • What is Hess’s test? a

Diagnosis

  • What is the more likely diagnosis? Why? A, hl
  • Why not acute leukemia? A, hl
  • Why not aplastic anemia? A, hl
  • What are the diseases to be excluded, if ITP is suspected? A
  • An 8-year-old girl has purpuric spots on different parts of the body and no other abnormal findings. Her platelet count is 70,000/cmm. What is your diagnosis? H82
  • What are the differences between ITP in children and adults (or acute and chronic ITP)? A
  • What history would you take? Hl
  • How can you differentiate acute ITP from chronic ITP? Hl
  • What are the differential diagnoses of purpura? A
  • How to differentiate in bleeding or purpura whether due to bleeding abnormality or coagulation abnormality? a

Treatment

  • How to treat ITP? A, hl
  • What is the treatment of ITP? hl
  • What are the indications of platelet transfusion in ITP? Hl
  • What are the indications of splenectomy in ITP? Hl
  • How will you treat this patient if she develops menorrhagia without any purpura in ITP? hl
  • What are the indications of OCP in unmarried girl/ medical indications of OCP? Hl

Complications

  • What is the fate of this patient? hl

 

 

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]]> 434 CLL https://med.rimikri.com/cll-questions/ Sat, 20 May 2017 14:28:06 +0000 http://med.rimikri.com/?p=431 The post CLL appeared first on Rimikri Med.

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Hematology

Definition and classification

  • Which variety of leukemia is most common? H122
  • What is chronic lymphatic leukemia? A
  • What are the stages of CLL? A
  • What is Richter’s syndrome? a

Epidemiology

  • Which is the median age of presentation? H123

Etiology and Pathophysiology

  • Why there is anemia in CLL? a

Clinical manifestations

  • How does the patient of CLL usually present? A, h124

Examinations

  • Q

Investigations

  • What investigations do you suggest in CLL? a

Diagnosis

  • Q

Treatment

  • How to treat CLL? A
  • Which drug is used to treat CLL? H125
  • What is the prognosis of CLL? a

Complications

  • Q

 

 

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]]> 431 CML https://med.rimikri.com/cml-questions/ Sat, 20 May 2017 14:26:44 +0000 http://med.rimikri.com/?p=428 The post CML appeared first on Rimikri Med.

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Hematology

Definition and classification

  • What is the CML? A
  • What are the myeloproliferative disorder? A, hl317
  • What are the clinical phases or types of CML? A, hl
  • What is blastic crisis? a

Epidemiology

  • How many patients with CML is Ph chromosome positive? Hl
  • What is the age incidence of CML? hl

Etiology and Pathophysiology

  • Which chromosome is responsible for CML? Hl
  • What is Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome? hl
  • What are the causes of massive splenomegaly? a

Clinical manifestations

  • How does the patient usually present? A, h
  • How can you suspect blastic crisis clinically in CML? a

Examinations

  • Q

Investigations

  • What investigations do you suggest in CML? A, hl
  • What is the blood picture of CML? Hl
  • What is the bone marrow finding in CML? hl
  • Mention one single investigation which will help in diagnosis or exclude other diagnosis. A

Diagnosis

  • What are the points in favour of your diagnosis? Hl
  • Why is this not myelofibrosis? Hl
  • How can you differentiate CML from myelofibrosis? hl

Treatment

  • How to treat CML? A, hl
  • What is the first line therapy for CML in chronic phase? H
    • How does Imatinib act? Hl
  • How can you treat an accelerated phase and blast crisis? Hl
  • What are the second generation tyrosin kinase inhibitore? hl
  • What are the therapies that may cure CML? A
  • What is the prognosis of CML? a

Complications

  • What are the causes of death in CML? A, hl

 

 

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]]> 428 Leukemia https://med.rimikri.com/leukemia-questions/ Sat, 20 May 2017 14:25:39 +0000 http://med.rimikri.com/?p=425 The post Leukemia appeared first on Rimikri Med.

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Hematology

Leukemia

  • Define leukemia. H105
  • Classify leukemias. H106
  • Please tell the clinical features of acute leukemia. H107
  • Please tell the blood picture of acute leukemia. H108
  • Please tell the bone marrow findings in acute leukemia. H109
  • What are the principles of treatment of acute leukemia? H110
  • What are the phases of specific therapy? H111

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]]> 425 Aplastic anemia https://med.rimikri.com/aplastic-anemia-questions/ Sat, 20 May 2017 14:24:14 +0000 http://med.rimikri.com/?p=422 The post Aplastic anemia appeared first on Rimikri Med.

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Hematology

Definition and classification

  • What is aplastic anemia? Hl
  • What is severe aplastic anemia? A / What are the criteria of severe aplastic anemia? Hl
  • What is pancytopenia? H51

Epidemiology

  • Q

Etiology and Pathophysiology

  • What are the causes of aplastic anemia? A, h43
  • What are the causes of pancytopenia? A, h51

Clinical manifestations

  • What are the presentations of aplastic anemia? A, h44

Examinations

  • What are the abdominal findings of aplastic anemia? H47

Investigations

  • What investigations do you suggest for aplastic anemia? A, hl
  • Please tell PBF and bone marrow findings of aplastic anemia. H48
  • What single investigation do you suggest in this patient? A
    • What next investigation do you suggest? a

Diagnosis

  • Why do you consider this diagnosis? Hl
  • Why is this not acute leukemia? hl
  • What are the diagnostic criteria of aplastic anemia? hl

Treatment

  • What is the treatment of aplastic anemia? A, hl
  • What is the treatment for fever with aplastic anemia? H50 / Which antibiotic you chose for the treatment of fever with aplastic anemia? hl

Complications

  • Q

 

 

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]]> 422 Hereditary hemolytic anemia https://med.rimikri.com/hereditary-hemolytic-anemia-questions/ Sat, 20 May 2017 14:22:37 +0000 http://med.rimikri.com/?p=420 The post Hereditary hemolytic anemia appeared first on Rimikri Med.

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Hematology

Definition and classification

  • Define hereditary hemolytic anemia. hl
  • Please tell the name of some hereditary hemolytic anemia. Hl
    • What are more common in this subcontinent? Hl
  • What is the normal lifespan of RBC? Hl
  • Tell the name of normal hemoglobins with globin chains. Hl
  • Please tell the percentage of different hemoglobins at birth. Hl
  • What is hereditary disease? Hl
  • What is congenital disease? hl
  • What is thalassemia? A, hl
  • What is hypertransfusion and supertransfusion? Hl
  • What is iron overload? Hl
  • Iron overload anemia occurs in in spite of anemia in which condition? Hl
    • What condition develop from iron overload? hl
  • Define hemosiderosis and hemochromatosis? Hl

Epidemiology

  • Q

Etiology and Pathophysiology

  • What is the mode of inheritance of thalassemia? Hl
  • What are the causes of the microcytic hypochromic blood picture? A
  • When anemia develops in a patient with thalassemia major? A, hl
  • Why is there jaundice in thalassemia major? Hl
  • What are the cause of pain abdomen in thalassemia major? hl
  • What are the target organs of hemochromatosis? Hl
  • What are the infectious agents for which splenectomized patients are susceptible? hl

Clinical manifestations

  • What are the triad of hemolytic anemia? hl
  • What are the presentations of thalassemia minor? A
  • Please tell the clinical features of thalassemia. H62
  • What are the features of hypersplenism? Hl

Examinations

  • Q

Investigations

  • What investigations should be done for hereditary hemolytic anemia? A, hl
  • How can you diagnose thalassemia by investigation? H64
  • What are the findings in PBF? hl
  • Mention one single investigation which is helpful for your diagnosis. A
  • What another hematological investigation is helpful for your diagnosis? A
  • How will you confirm your diagnosis? A, hl
  • What are the findings in Hb-electrophoresis in b-thalassemia? A
  • What are the findings in Hb-electrophoresis in thalassemia major? hl
  • What are the findings in Hb-electrophoresis in thalassemia minor? hl
  • What are the radiological findings in skull in b-thalassemia major? A, hl
  • What are the findings in iron profile? hl

Diagnosis

  • What hereditary hemolytic anemia do you consider? Hl
  • Why do you consider this diagnosis? hl
  • What are your differential diagnoses? A
  • Why do you not consider chronic malaria, kala-azar and chronic liver disease as differential diagnosis?
  • A 12-year-old boy presents with tiredness with history of multiple blood transfusion. On examination patient is anemic, have jaundice and splenomegaly. What is your diagnosis? H52 (Hereditary hemolytic anemia.)
  • What are the diagnostic criteria of hemolytic anemia? A, hl
  • If the patient develops severe abdominal pain, what is the likely cause? A
  • How can it be diagnosed before birth? A
  • What is the differential diagnosis of thalassemia minor? A
  • A 25-year-old man presents with mild anemia with microcytosis and hypochromia on PBF but not responding to adequate iron therapy. What are you thinking? H5
    • What investigation would you suggest? H6

Treatment

  • Please tell the treatment of thalassemia? Hl
  • How to treat b-thalassemia major? A
  • What are the indications of splenectomy in thalassemia? Hl
  • What is the prerequisite for splenectomy? Hl
  • What are the components of counseling in thalassemia? Hl
  • How frequently is blood transfusion needed? Hl
  • Folic acid supplementation should be given in thalassemia, why? Hl
  • What are the indications of blood transfusion in thalassemia? H74
  • How can you treat iron overload? hl

Complications

  • What are the complications of thalassemia major? hl
  • Please mention the complications of transfusion in thalassemia? Hl
  • What are the complications of repeated blood transfusion? A
    • How hemosiderosis can be prevented? A
  • What are the causes of death in thalassemia? Hl

 

 

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