Definition

  • What is ankylosing spondylitis? A, hl
  • What are the types of ankylosing spondylitis? A
  • What is spondylo-arthropathy or spondarthritis? A
  • What are the diseases in spondylo-arthropathy? A
  • What is enthesopathy? a

Epidemiology

  • What is the age and sex prevalence of AS? hl
  • What is genetic correlation of AS? hl

Etiology and Pathophysiology

  • What is the cause of chest pain in ankylosing spondylitis? A
  • What are the other causes of sacroiliitis? A
  • What is the natural history of ankylosing spondylitis? a

Clinical manifestations

  • What is the most common presentation of AS? A, hl
  • What is the nature of arthritis in ankylosing spondylitis? a
  • What are the features of back pain in ankylosing spondylitis? hl
  • What are the extra-articular features of ankylosing spondylitis? A, hl
  • Does AS involve peripheral joints? hl
  • What is the pattern of peripheral arthritis?
  • How can you differentiate ankylosing spondylitis from RA clinically? hl

Examinations

  • What findings would you expect by examining the spine?

Investigations

  • What are the investigations done in ankylosing spondylitis? a
  • What are the radiological findings in sacroiliitis? hl
  • What are the radiological findings in lumbosacral spines? hl
  • How Schober’s test is performed? a

Diagnosis

  • Why do you consider this diagnosis? hl
  • What are your differential diagnoses? A
    • Why is this not reactive arthritis? Hl
    • Why is this not psoriatic spondylitis? hl
  • What are the diagnostic criteria for AS? a
  • What are the modified New York criteria (1984) for diagnosis for ankylosing spondylitis? hl
  • Why is early diagnosis difficult in ankylosing spondylitis? Hl
  • How to differentiate between mechanical and inflammatory arthritis? A
  • How to differentiate aortic regurgitation of rheumatic heart disease and of ankylosing spondylitis? A
  • What are the differences between syndesmophyte and osteophyte? a

Treatment

  • How will you treat a case of ankylosing spondylitis? A, hl
  • What is the prognosis? a
  • How would you perform genetic counseling with this patient? a

Complications

  • What are the causes of death in ankylosing spondylitis? a

 

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