VSD

Questions on ventricular septal defect (VSD) Definition and classification What are the types of VSD? hs Epidemiology Q Etiology and Pathophysiology What are the causes of VSD? A, hs What is the site of VSD? A What are the causes of plethoric lung field? A, hs...

ASD

Questions on atrial septal defect (ASD) Definition and classification What is wide and fixed splitting of 2nd sound? A, hs What are the types of ASD? A, hs What is Lutembacher’s syndrome? A What is patent foramen ovale? Hs What is the main difference between patent...

Mixed aortic valve disease

Questions on mixed aortic valve disease Mixed aortic valve disease What is your differential diagnosis? A Could it be purely AR without stenosis? A What do you think the likely cause in this case? a What is the predominant lesion and why? A What are the findings if AR...

Aortic regurgitation

Questions on Definition Why this is called water hammer pulse? A What is collapsing pulse? A Are “high volume pulse” and “collapsing pulse” synonymous? a Epidemiology Q Etiology and Pathophysiology What are the causes of AR? A What are the causes of chronic AR? hs...

Aortic stenosis

Questions on aortic stenosis Definition What are the types of aortic stenosis? Hs What do you mean by ‘ejection systolic murmur’? hs What is aortic sclerosis? A, hs What is Heyde’s syndrome? hs Epidemiology Q Etiology and Pathophysiology What are the causes of aortic...

Mixed mitral valve disease

Questions on mixed mitral valve disease MS with MR/Mixed mitral valve disease What is the predominant lesion and why? A What are the findings if MR is predominant? A What are the differentiating features of predominant mitral lesions? hs What investigations should be...